What are Mongolian horses?
Fig 1: Mongolian horses
Different strains of Mongolian horses are kept by nomads. Mongolian horses in captivity resemble wild horses in the Takhi. There was always one Azarga, who would lead multiple adult females, called Güüs in English, as well as their offspring. The name of foals depends on their age: foals born this year are called Unaga; as they develop, they become Daaga, Shüdlen, Khyazaalan, Soyolon, and Ikh-nas. A Mongolian horse's build is stocky, with short, strong legs and a large head. Their weight ranges from 500 to 600 pounds. They have an extremely long mane and tail. Their strands are often used to braid ropes, while their tail hair is ideal for violin bows. Mongolian horses are exceptionally strong and can gallop for 10 kilometres without stopping, despite their small size. Mongol horses are capable of pulling a cart pulling 4400 lbs for 50–60 kilometres per day.
Fig 2: Mongolian nomadics
Categories of Mongolian horses
Agt, the sterilized male horse, was the only fundamental difference between captivity and the wild. When a young male approaches sexual maturity, Azarga may chase it out of his natal group. However, nomads in captivity castrate young males between the ages of 3 and 4 to reduce aggression. These Agts are able to remain with their natal group. Nomads ride horses with some of the castrated males.
Fig 3: Young horse racers
Nomadic family and Mongolian horses
Young nomads' fundamental skill is riding horses. The horses they ride have their own names: Mori. Some young boys can ride horses without saddles. Mongolian nomads allow their horses to roam free. Horses graze freely on the grassland, so it was easy for us to observe some of their social behaviours. The horses like to groom and use their teeth to interact with each other. Wild horses also have agonistic relations with neighbouring groups. Azarga, on the other hand, almost always positions himself at the outer edge of the group, constantly moving around to herd the females, keep the group away from neighbouring groups, and chase away bachelors from the outside.
Fig 4: Horse racing and Naadam festival
Mongolian horse racing
One of the "three manly arts" is horse racing. Following traditional wrestling, horse racing is Mongolia's second most popular event. In Mongolia, races can last up to 30 kilometres and involve thousands of horses. Mongolian horses are extraordinarily strong and have great endurance. Despite being faster than Mongolian horses, foreign breeds are usually exhausted at the end of a race, while Mongolian horses still have the wind in their sails. The Naadam race has still been associated with horses dying from exhaustion. Throughout Mongolia, racing is a sport that everyone takes part in. During the fair, each family chooses the best horse in their herd to race. Recent years have seen the sport change due to fast foreign cross-breeds. Breeders can only afford a Thoroughbred/Mongolian mix if they are extremely wealthy, and such horses tend to win races. The result has been complaints that ordinary people no longer have a chance to win, and racing has become the privilege of the elite. Race horses with children in the saddle run in a full gallop over 35 km at a time. The horses are lighter when children are in the saddle. As much as Mongolians care about the jockey's skill and experience, they are more interested in the horse's ability.
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